Common Vetch

Vicia sativa, known as common vetch or garden vetch, is a fast-growing nitrogen-fixing legume in the family Fabaceae. It is widely used as a green manure crop, improving soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen through root-nodule bacteria. The plant produces slender, climbing stems with paired leaflets and small purple-pink flowers. It thrives in cool conditions and tolerates a wide range of soils.

Growing

Direct sow seeds 3 cm deep into prepared ground once soil reaches 5 °C. Broadcast or sow in rows with seeds spaced approximately 5 cm apart. No indoor starting is needed. Rake lightly to cover seeds and firm the soil. Germination occurs within 7–14 days. For green manure purposes, sow densely across the bed surface.

Care

Water during establishment and during prolonged dry spells, but common vetch tolerates moderate drought once established. No feeding is required — the plant fixes its own nitrogen. If growing as a climbing crop, provide light support such as pea sticks or mesh. Cut back any overly vigorous lateral growth to prevent shading of neighbouring plants.

Harvest

For green manure, cut or incorporate plants into the soil before or just as flowering peaks, when biomass is highest and before seeds set. The green mass decomposes rapidly and releases nitrogen to the soil. If harvesting for seed, wait until pods turn brown and dry on the plant. Collect by cutting whole stems and threshing.

In the kitchen

Common vetch is not typically grown as a food crop; its primary value is agronomic as a soil-improving green manure. Young shoots and seeds have historically been used as animal fodder. Raw seeds contain antinutritional compounds and should not be consumed without proper preparation.

Storing

Store dry, threshed seeds in a cool, dry, dark location in sealed paper or cloth bags. Viability is maintained for 3–5 years under good storage conditions. Green manure biomass should be incorporated into soil immediately after cutting.